![]() ![]() The Celluloid Ceiling has tracked women’s employment on the 250 top (domestic) grossing films for the last 25 years. The Celluloid Ceiling: Employment of Behind-the-Scenes Women on Top Grossing U.S. The percentage of major Latina characters declined from 12.8% in 2021 to 7.0% in 2022, and the percentage of major Asian and Asian American females declined from 10.0% in 2021 to 6.6% in 2022. Regarding race and ethnicity, Black females comprised 21.6% of all major female characters in 2022, up from 16.4% in 2021. The percentage of female characters in their 40s was actually lower in 2022 (14%) than in 2015 (20%). 36% of female characters were in their 30s but only 14% were in their 40s. Female characters in speaking roles experienced a precipitous drop from their 30s to their 40s. Female characters were younger than their male counterparts, diminishing in alarming numbers around the age of 40. Only 11% of films had more female than male characters, and 9% of films featured equal numbers of female and male characters. 80% of films featured more male than female characters. Females accounted for 37% of all speaking characters, up 3 percentage points from 34% in 2021. Women comprised 38% of major characters, up 3 percentage points from 35% in 2021. In 2022, 33% of films featured female protagonists, up 2 percentage points from 31% in 2021. It’s a Man’s (Celluloid) World: Portrayals of Female Characters in the Top Grossing U.S. It is the only study currently available that provides 2022 data for the major streaming companies. ![]() films released by Amazon Prime, Disney+, Hulu, HBO Max and Netflix in 2022. The study reports the findings of a content analysis of over 1,800 characters and more than 1,100 behind-the-scenes credits on original U.S. By role, women accounted for 8% of cinematographers, 22% of directors, 23% of writers, 27% of producers, 29% of executive producers, and 30% of editors. In 2022, women comprised 26% of directors, writers, producers, executive producers, editors, and cinematographers. The report also considers the representation of women in behind-the-scenes roles. ![]() Females comprised 44% (43.8%) of major characters, and 40% (40.1%) of all speaking characters. 49% (49.4%) of films featured sole female protagonists, 38% (38.3%) of films featured sole male protagonists, and 12% (12.3%) of films had ensembles. films on major streaming services featured female than male protagonists. Films Released by Streaming Services in 2022 Streaming Women: Representation and Employment in Original U.S. While the percentage of women directors has doubled over the last 25 years, they remain dramatically underrepresented, as do women working as writers, editors, cinematographers, composers, and in other vital roles. Women who direct experienced the largest gains, rising from 9% in 1998 to 18% in 2022. The percentage of women working as producers climbed 7 percentage points, from 24% in 1998 to 31% in 2022. The percentage of women working as executive producers rose 7 percentage points from 18% in 1998 to 25% in 2022. The percentage of women writers increased 6 percentage points from 13% in 1998 to 19% in 2022. The percentage of women cinematographers rose just 3 percentage points over the last 25 years, from 4% in 1998 to 7% in 2022. The percentage of women working as editors on the 250 top (domestic) grossing films increased by a single percentage point from 20% in 1998 to 21% in 2022. Gains in women’s employment have been uneven and, in the case of some roles, negligible. Since 1998, the annual Celluloid Ceiling project has tracked women’s employment in some of the core crafts of filmmaking, including directing, writing, producing, editing, and cinematography. Living Archive: The Celluloid Ceiling Documenting 25 Years of Women’s Employment in U.S. ![]()
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